Smart cards based on RFID chip in addition to a separate antenna. Via this antenna, the chipcard is read out or written with new data by radio. Therefore, the chipcard requires no physical contact with the chipcard terminal.
The chipcard is held either by the surface of the chipcard reader or inserted in a smart card terminal. Due to the contactless transfer contact problems from dirty or worn contacts are avoided.
The built-in chip does not need its own power source, but can be energized by the electromagnetic fields of the wireless transmission.
RFID chips are offered integrated into plastic and paper cards as well as in key chips, but also in RFID stickers, labels, wristbands, NFC tags and transponder Watches.
MIFARE® is a registered trade mark of NXP B.V.
On contact smart card chip is applied externally visible. The chip is written to or read via the contact surfaces.
ISO-Standards: 7810 and 7816
In magnetic card, all data are stored on a magnetic strip with three tracks of data.
The types HiCo (High Coercivity) or LoCo (Low Coercivity) differ only in the magnetic properties of the magnetic stripe. HiCo cards are described with a much higher magnetic field strength.
ISO-Standard: 7811
Plastic cards are available with and without chips or magnetic strips.